Wushu words · Intermediate
The words that make the commentary make sense. They build on the beginner words.
I · Intermediate · 28 words · Step 2 of 2General terms
Appeal
A team's written protest to the Jury of Appeals, made within 15 minutes of the athlete finishing and with a fee of US$200, refunded if upheld. In taolu a team has two appeals in a competition and may appeal only difficulty judging, layout deductions and time deductions. The jury's decision is final.
Taolu
Changquan
Long fist: a bare-hand taolu event. It is one of three optional bare-hand events, with nanquan and taijiquan. It is known for long, dynamic movements and jumps.
Nanquan
Southern fist: a bare-hand taolu event, with its own southern broadsword (nandao) and cudgel (nangun) events. It is known for low, firm stances and strong hand techniques.
See also: Taolu, Routine, Jian and dao, Qiang and gun
Compulsory routine
A set routine that all athletes in the event perform the same way. Examples are the 42-movement taijiquan and the 24-movement taijiquan routines.
Optional routine
A routine the athlete or coach arranges, which must still contain the required content set for that event, such as listed movements and layout.
See also: Routine
Fa jing
The sudden release of the body's full power into a movement. Power is one of the criteria judges use for overall performance.
Also called: fajin
See also: Overall performance
Quality of movements
The part of the taolu score for how correctly the movements are done. It starts at 5 points in events with difficulty and 7 in those without, and the A group of judges deducts for errors. A deduction counts only if at least two of the three A judges agree.
The ruleWhat do judges deduct for in wushu taolu?Overall performance
The part of the taolu score, up to 3 points, for the routine as a whole: power, coordination, rhythm, choreography, style and music where used. The five B judges score it, and the middle three scores are averaged.
The ruleWhat is the overall performance score in wushu taolu?Degree of difficulty
In events that have it, up to 2 points for hard techniques (up to 1.4) and hard connections between them (up to 0.6), each graded A to D. The C judges only say whether each was completed.
The ruleHow does the difficulty score work in wushu taolu?Innovative difficulty
A new difficult technique or connection that the athlete registers beforehand and that the IWUF has recognised. If completed, the head judge adds bonus points of 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2 depending on its grade.
Judge groups
The taolu panel: three A judges deduct for movement errors, five B judges score overall performance, and three C judges confirm difficulty. The head judge adds deductions and bonus points, and an assistant head judge checks that the routine follows the layout rules.
See also: Taolu, Routine, Overall performance
Head judge deductions
Deductions the head judge takes off a final score. A routine that is too short or too long is penalised in steps, 0.1 for each 2 seconds in most events and 0.1 for each 5 seconds in taijiquan and group events. A layout that breaks the rules costs 0.1 to 0.5.
Duilian
A choreographed sparring routine for two or more athletes, bare-handed, with weapons, or bare-handed against a weapon. It has no difficulty score: quality of movements is worth 7 points and overall performance 3.
Also called: choreographed sparring
See also: Routine, Quality of movements, Overall performance
Jiti
A group routine, scored like duilian out of 10 without a difficulty score. It lasts 3 to 4 minutes.
Taijiquan
Tai chi in taolu form, a bare-hand event, with taiji sword (taijijian) and taiji fan (taijishan) events. Its routines are slower than changquan, and optional ones last 2 minutes 45 seconds to 3 minutes 15 seconds.
Jian and dao
The two short weapons: the jian is a straight sword and the dao a broadsword. Held in the left hand pointing up, the tip must reach at least the top of the ear, and the dao's ribbon must be at least 30 cm.
Also called: jianshu, daoshu, straight sword, broadsword
Qiang and gun
The two long weapons: the qiang is a spear and the gun a cudgel. The gun must be at least as long as the athlete is tall, and the qiang at least as long as the athlete's reach overhead, with a tassel of at least 20 cm.
Also called: qiangshu, gunshu, spear, cudgel
Taolu ties
A tie in an event with difficulty is broken first by the higher difficulty score, then the higher grade of difficulty, then the more high-grade difficulty, then the higher overall performance score. In events without difficulty it goes to the higher overall performance score. A tie that remains is shared.
See also: Overall performance
All-around
A ranking of individual athletes on the sum of their scores in their single events. A tie goes to the athlete with more first places, then more seconds, and so on.
Preliminaries and final
When more than 50 athletes enter an event, they are split into groups for preliminaries, and 12 go to the final. Preliminaries give no medals. The final order is by preliminary placing from lowest to highest.
Sanda
Deliberate fall
Falling on purpose to bring the opponent down. If the faller stands up in one flowing motion before or as the judge calls stop, they score 2 points; if not, 1 point. If they stay down for more than three seconds the opponent scores 1 point.
Forcible count
A count of eight, or ten, that the platform judge gives to a fighter who is dazed, staggered or has fallen after a legal heavy blow. The opponent gets 2 points. Two forcible counts in a round lose the round, and three in a bout lose the bout.
See also: Bout
Admonition and warning
Penalties for fouls and breaches. An admonition gives the opponent 1 point. A warning is the heavier penalty, given for example for a foul that forced a count on the opponent. Fewer warnings, then fewer admonitions, break a tied round.
Passivity
Avoiding the fight. A fighter ordered to attack who has not done so in five seconds gives the opponent 1 point. Holding the opponent only to stop their attack, and running away, are fouls.
Clinch
Holding each other. The platform judge stops the bout if fighters hold for two seconds without a throw. A strike landed in a clinch scores nothing.
See also: Bout
Sanda officials
A sanda bout has one platform judge, who runs the fight, and three or five sideline judges who score it. Each round is decided by the sideline judges' scores.
Absolute victory
A win before the end of the bout: the opponent is knocked down and cannot rise in ten seconds, or is dazed; the opponent suffers three forcible counts; the platform judge stops a mismatch with the head judge's approval; or the sideline judges show a 12-point gap in a round.
See also: Bout
Default
Giving up a bout. A coach may raise the default plate to protect a fighter who is outclassed, and the fighter may raise a hand or step off the platform. A fighter who fails to weigh in or appear for roll-call defaults, and a groundless default cancels all of their results.
See also: Bout