What penalties are there in gymnastics apart from execution errors?

• Short exercise, women: seven or more elements, no penalty. Five or six, 4.00 off. Three or four, 6.00. One or two, 8.00. None, 10.00.
• Short exercise, men: six or seven elements, no penalty. Five, 3.0 off. Four, 4.0. Three, 5.0. Two, 6.0. One, 7.0. None, 10.0.
• Time limits: 90 seconds on women's beam and floor, and 70 seconds on men's floor.
• Overtime: on beam and women's floor the penalty applies from 91 seconds.
• Still counted: in the women's code, elements performed after the time limit are still recognised and judged.
• The floor line: touching outside the 12 by 12 metre area is penalised, more for both feet than for one.
• Elements from outside: in the men's code, an element begun outside the floor area has no value.
• Starting late: a gymnast must begin within 30 seconds of the green light. After 60 seconds, in the women's code, the right to perform is lost.
• Attire: a correct leotard or unitard for women. Jewellery and non-matching team leotards are penalised.
• Men's floor corners: not going to or from each corner, or using the same diagonal three times in a row, costs 0.3.
• Who takes them: the D jury, from the final score, on reports from the time and line judges.

The glossary has the neutral deduction, the final score, the floor exercise, the exercise and the judges.

These penalties protect the frame of the contest and are kept apart from the judging of the gymnastics. The short-exercise scale is steep so that a gymnast cannot gain by doing three safe elements beautifully. Time and line limits make every exercise fit the same box.