Ski jumping and Nordic combined words · Intermediate

The words that make the commentary make sense. They build on the beginner words.

I · Intermediate · 37 words · Step 2 of 2

Hill and equipment

L point

The end of the landing area, whose distance from the edge of the take-off is the Hill Size (HS). The hill class is set by this distance.

Also called: HS point
See also: Hill, Hill size

P point

The beginning of the landing area, where the knoll ends. The circular landing profile from P to L has the radius rL.

Fall line

A cross line on the outrun, placed by the Jury, as a rule at the lowest point of the r2 curve. Style judging runs from the end of the take-off to the jumper passing it, and a fall before or on it costs 7.0 points.

Ski flying hill

A hill of 200 m and larger HS, with extra construction rules: for example a maximum take-off velocity of 30 m/s. Ski flying events need FIS Council authorisation and include twelve fore-jumpers aged at least 18.

See also: Hill

Hill certificate

Competitions on the FIS calendar are held only on hills with current FIS approval and a hill certificate. Small and medium hills are homologated by National Ski Associations if no international competition is held.

See also: Hill

Plastic-covered hill

A hill with plastic covering used for summer competitions, held between 15 June and 15 October (15 November to 15 March in the southern hemisphere). ICR rules apply as on snow.

See also: Hill

Snow profile

In-run and take-off snow must be level at the exact height of the profile boards, at least 20 cm deep, with tracks 13.0 to 13.5 cm wide and at least 3 cm deep. The landing slope and outrun snow must be at least 30 cm deep and firm.

Distance markings

Crosslines every 5 m on the landing slope from 10 m before the P point to HS, and red, blue and green banners marking zones around the K point and fall line. Distance measurers read the distance at the landing point to 0.5 m, and technical measuring is allowed with human measurers as back-up.

See also: Landing slope, P point, Fall line

Start time control

At major events a red-yellow-green stoplight with a countdown clock. The jumper takes position on the bar in the yellow phase and has 10 seconds from green to start; at other events a two-phase green light of 10 to 15 seconds is used. A jumper who does not leave in time closes the hill.

See also: Hill

Competition procedure

Trial round

One trial round is part of the competition programme, and whether to jump it is up to the jumper. It may be cancelled in exceptional circumstances if a full training round was completed earlier.

See also: Hill

Seeded groups

Competitors are usually divided into four groups, I (poorest) to IV (best), each team entering one competitor per group, with the start order as a rule groups I to IV and a draw within each. The second round starts in reverse order of the first round's collective points.

Repetition of a jump

A jumper hindered by an official's error, an animal, spectators or other force majeure may appeal to the Jury, which may allow or refuse a repeat.

95 per cent rule

A jumper who reaches 95 per cent of the maximum length of the longest jump but falls may take part in the next round in addition to the qualified jumpers. With wind and gate compensation the compensated distance is the basis.

Open scoring

Style points are displayed after each jump if possible, with the marks of all five judges shown at the same time. An acoustic announcement of style points is not allowed.

Interruption and cancellation

The Jury decides whether to interrupt, postpone or cancel. If the second or final round cannot be held in poor weather, the collective scores from the completed rounds are final.

Scoring terms

Collective point score

Style points plus distance points for one jump, never less than zero. The total point score is the sum over the scored rounds, and the highest total wins; ties share the place.

See also: Hill, Distance score, Style score

Style point deductions

Judges deduct for faults in three groups: flight (at most 5.0), landing (at most 5.0, and at least 3.0 for no telemark landing) and outrun (at most 7.0, such as 7.0 for a fall before or on the fall line and 4.0 to 5.0 for touching the snow with both hands back).

See also: Outrun, Fall line, Telemark landing

Landing faults

Judged on a smooth move from flight to landing: legs split and knees bent on touching ground, active reduction of the impact, correct knee bend, telemark position and skis parallel within two ski widths with equal pressure.

Outrun faults

The jumper should stay in a stable telemark position for about 10 to 15 m, then rise and pass through the transition curve and the fall line in balance with skis parallel or in a snowplough. Unsteadiness costs 0.5 to 3.0, and a hand or the body touching the snow 4.0 to 5.0.

Scoring and format terms

Hill size

The measured distance from the edge of the take-off to the end of the landing area (L). It decides the hill's class and is marked on the landing slope by a red line of spruce twigs or similar.

Also called: HS
See also: Hill

Team event

A team has two or four jumpers, depending on the format, and the result is the sum of their collective point scores. The jumpers stay in one of four groups (red, green, yellow, blue start numbers), and one jumper from each team starts in each group. A sanction against a team member for equipment violation disqualifies the team.

Qualification round

At the Olympic Winter Games and World Championships a trial round and a qualification round are held on the last training day, with at most four jumpers per nation. Individual competitions then have at most 50 participants and two scored rounds; only the top 30 jump in the second.

Wind window

The Jury decides in which sphere of wind velocity a jumper may start. The rules do not use the term wind window.

Competition types

International championships on normal and large hills, international competitions on one hill, team competitions and ski flying competitions. Olympic Winter Games and World Ski Championships use two hills, the smaller at least HS 100 and the two at least 25 m apart.

See also: Hill

Age classification

Youth I and II, Juniors up to 20 years of age on 1 January, and Seniors above. Competitors at the Olympic Winter Games, World Championships, World Cup, Continental Cup and FIS Cup must be 16 before the end of the calendar year.

Ski Flying World Championship

Four days: training and qualification on day one (reducing the field to 40), individual competition on days two and three with a trial jump and two rounds each, and the team event on day four.

Officials and sanctions

Jury

The body that decides the in-run length, the wind sphere in which jumpers may start, interruptions, postponements and cancellations, and all protests, disqualifications and sanctions.

Technical Delegate

A FIS official appointed to every ski jumping competition on the FIS calendar. Before the event the TD inspects the organisation, the hill and its measuring devices; during it the TD makes sure the ICR is followed, sits in the Judges tower with a direct line to the Jury, and afterwards files a report.

Also called: TD
See also: Hill, Jury

Jumping Judge

Judges score every jump objectively as an expert and independently of other judges. They may not have any means of communication, and they enter their own deductions into the data system, which is decisive if there is a discrepancy.

See also: Hill

Distance measurer

Officials standing on one side of the landing slope who follow the jumper's trajectory to the landing point and mark the distance to 0.5 m by hand on the distance markings. The distance recorder records it.

Not permitted to start

A competitor is not permitted to start for obscene names or symbols on equipment, unsportsmanlike behaviour in the start area, violating the equipment specification or using fluor wax.

Also called: NPS

Protest

The protest time is as a rule 15 minutes after the end of the competition, after which the unofficial results become official if no protest was received.

Technique terms

In-run speed

The velocity at the take-off, measured by a photocell beam at all FIS hills of HS 85 m and larger during training and competition. Its effect on distance is not described in the rules.

Air position

The body posture during flight. The rules ask for a stable, optimal position with the left and right sides symmetrical in skis, legs and arms. They do not name positions.

Ski angle

How far apart the skis are held in flight. The rules ask for a symmetrical ski position and do not set an angle.

Body lean

The forward angle of the body in flight. The rules do not describe it; they judge the use of air pressure and the stability of the flight position.

Timing

The moment of take-off. The rules judge precision (timing) as one of the aspects of the jump, and the jumper must leave the start within the start time.

Also called: takeoff
See also: Hill

All Ski jumping and Nordic combined words