What are the rules for wheelchair racing?
B · Beginner · Track · 4 of 4Wheelchair races, for T32 to T34 and T51 to T54, use a three-wheeled racing chair pushed only on the wheels or push-rims; any other propulsion disqualifies. Chairs need a brake and hand steering, and may not have gears, mirrors or fairings. Helmets are compulsory. An athlete overtaking must fully clear the chair being passed before cutting in.
How it works
- Chair: two large rear wheels and one small front wheel.
- Wheels: rear up to 70 cm, front up to 50 cm.
- Banned: gears, levers, mirrors, fairings, energy-storing parts.
- Brake and steering: a working brake and hand steering.
- Propulsion: arms only; legs may not touch the ground.
- Helmet: hard-shell, compulsory, worn to the end of the race.
- Overtaking: the passer must fully clear the other chair.
- Inspection: chairs checked in the call room.
The glossary has the racing wheelchair, the wheelchair racing classes, the non-compliant equipment, the prohibited assistance and technology, the yellow and red cards and the para athletics.
Tricky cases
A crash in the first 50 m of a 1,500 m race. Restart?
The Starter may recall the race, but does not have to.
An athlete removes the helmet during the race. Penalty?
A warning, then disqualification for a second offence.
May a chair carry a speedometer?
Yes, if it cannot communicate.
A slow athlete is lapped in a 5,000 m race. Can they be removed?
Yes. The referee may remove overlapped athletes after a time limit.
Why the rule exists
Racing chairs reach high speeds in packs, so helmets, brakes and overtaking rules prevent crashes. Equipment limits keep races about the athlete's strength.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Track and road | Helmets compulsory | R 6.17 |
| 800 m and over | Restart after early crash allowed | R 17.6 |
| 1,500 m and over | Time limit may apply | R 19.5 |
From the rule book
World Para Athletics, Rules and Regulations, September 2026, Rules 6.17, 7.3, 14.1 to 14.6, 17.6, 18.3, 18.4 and 19.5. Checked 14 October 2026. Official document: the World Para Athletics Rules and Regulations, September 2026.