What is the difference between a free pass and a penalty pass in netball?
I · Intermediate · Defending and sanctions · 5 of 5A minor infringement gives a free pass where it happened; the player taking it may not shoot. A major infringement, obstruction or contact, gives a penalty pass where the infringer stood, and the infringer stands beside the thrower, out of play and silent, until the ball is released. A shooter given a penalty pass in the circle may pass or shoot.
How it works
- Minor: free pass.
- Free pass: no shot.
- Major: penalty pass.
- Where: where the infringer stood.
- Infringer: beside, out of play.
- Shooter in circle: may shoot.
- Advantage: umpire may play on.
- Simultaneous: possession rule.
The glossary has the free pass, the penalty pass, the sanction and action, the advantage, the simultaneous and mutual infringements and the game management actions.
Tricky cases
Can a shooter score from a free pass?
No.
Can the infringer move during a penalty pass?
No, until the ball is released.
The umpire calls advantage. What happens?
Play goes on.
Both umpires whistle opposite calls. Result?
Possession to the team that last had the ball.
Why the rule exists
Taking the infringer out of play gives the wronged team a clear chance.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Free pass | No shot | L 6.3 |
| Penalty pass | May shoot | L 6.9 |
| Advantage | Play on | L 7.1 |
From the rule book
World Netball, Rules of Netball (2024), Rules 6, 7 and 20. Checked 15 October 2026. Official document: World Netball Rules of Netball 2024.