Who are the match officials in football?
I · Intermediate · Who decides, and how does VAR work? · 13 of 14One referee controls the match and has the final say on every decision. Two assistant referees on the touchlines flag for offside, the ball going out and which team gets the restart. A fourth official manages substitutions, the technical areas and the added-time board. Some matches add video officials.
How it works
- The referee enforces the Laws, keeps time, records the match, plays advantage, shows cards and decides when to stop, suspend or abandon the match.
- The referee's decisions on facts of play, including whether a goal was scored and the result, are final.
- A restart decision cannot be changed once play has restarted or the half has ended and the referee has left the field.
- Assistant referees indicate: the whole ball out of play and whose restart it is; offside; substitution requests; at penalties, whether the goalkeeper moved early and whether the ball crossed the line.
- The fourth official supervises substitutions, checks kit, shows the minimum added time and reports bad behaviour in the technical areas.
- Competitions can also appoint additional assistant referees on the goal lines and a reserve assistant.
- Referees may wear body cameras where the competition supplies them (new in 2026/27).
- Match officials are not liable for injuries or losses arising from their decisions.
Tricky cases
Can the referee change a decision?
Yes, until play has restarted. After that, a restart decision stands.
Can an assistant referee overrule the referee?
No. Assistants advise. The final decision is always the referee's.
Can the referee give a card after the match has ended?
Yes. The referee's authority runs from entering the field for the pre-match inspection until leaving it after the match, including a penalty shoot-out.
Why the rule exists
One person with the final decision keeps the game moving and the decisions consistent within a match. The assistants cover what one person cannot see.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| All football under the Laws | A referee; other officials as appointed | L5; L6 |
| Competitions with VAR | Video match officials added | L6.5; VAR protocol |
From the rule book
IFAB Laws of the Game 2026/27, Laws 5 and 6, in force from 1 July 2026. Checked 13 October 2026. Official document: IFAB Laws of the Game (PDF).