What is kayak cross, and is contact allowed?
I · Intermediate · The competition · 6 of 7Kayak cross is a race between four kayaks that start together and paddle the same short course, and the first two across the line go through. Boats may touch each other, and paddlers may hit the gates. Each must also turn the boat a full 360 degrees under water at a marked point.
How it works
- Four together: "The four (4) boats in the race start at the same time."
- The start: where possible from a platform that drops into the main channel, with an automatic start mechanism. The command is "IN POSITION - READY - GO".
- The course: 4 to 6 downstream gates and, where possible, 2 pairs of upstream gates. A run should take 45 to 80 seconds.
- A choice of gate: a pair of gates lets the paddler choose the left or the right one.
- Touching gates: allowed with the body or equipment. A hand may touch a gate only if it is holding the paddle.
- Through a gate: the whole head and both shoulders must cross the gate line, with part of the boat.
- The roll: in the roll zone the boat must make "a complete 360-degree kayak roll". Where there is a roll barrier, the boat must be upside down under it at one point.
- Contact: "Kayak to kayak contact is permitted."
- Not allowed: deliberately reaching across to hold an opponent back, paddle strokes off another athlete's body, and dangerous contact with the head or body.
- The boats: mass-produced plastic kayaks, at most 2.75 metres long and at least 18 kilograms.
- Who goes through: the first and second in each race progress, and the others are eliminated.
The glossary has kayak cross, the kayak cross start, kayak cross contact and the roll zone and roll barrier.
Tricky cases
Can a paddler ram another boat?
It depends on the judges. Boat to boat contact is permitted. Contact with an athlete's head or body that may cause injury is not, and the judges assess every case.
Is hitting a gate a penalty?
No. In kayak cross the gates may be touched. Missing one is a fault.
A paddler's paddle snaps. Can they finish?
Yes. They must drop back or complete the course alone, and may finish using their hands.
Is the fastest time what counts?
No, not in the elimination races. The finish order decides. Time is used in the separate individual run that seeds the event.
Why the rule exists
Slalom is raced alone and judged by seconds, which is hard to follow for someone new to it. Kayak cross was added to give the same water a race that anyone can read: four boats, first across the line. Heavy plastic boats and the contact limits are what make racing shoulder to shoulder safe enough.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kayak cross | Four boats, finish order | SL 16.21; SL 16.27.2 |
| Kayak cross individual | One boat at a time against the clock, used for qualification | SL 17.2; SL 16.9.1 |
| Canoe and kayak slalom | One boat at a time, no contact with gates without penalty | SL 10.8 |
| Olympic Games | Two boats for each federation in each event, with the format set in an appendix | SL 12.6 |
From the rule book
International Canoe Federation, Canoe Slalom Competition Rules 2025, Articles 12.6, 16.1, 16.10, 16.19, 16.21 to 16.23 and 17.2. Checked 14 October 2026. Official document: ICF Canoe Slalom Competition Rules (PDF).