When does a goal count in water polo, and can you score with any part of the body?

• The whole ball: "A goal shall be scored when the entire ball has passed fully over the goal line, between the goal posts and underneath the crossbar."
• The goal line: an imaginary line along the front face of the posts.
• Any part of the body: a goal may be scored "by any part of the body except a clenched fist".
• From anywhere: including a team's own half.
• Straight from a throw outside 6 metres: a player may shoot at once from a free throw taken outside 6 metres, from a goal throw or from a corner throw.
• Putting the ball into play first: in other restarts outside 6 metres, the player may visibly put the ball into play and then shoot. A player who starts inside 6 metres may do so after swimming outside 6 metres.
• At a start or restart: at least two players, not counting the defending goalkeeper, must play or touch the ball on purpose before a goal can count.
• On the buzzer: a ball already in flight when the possession time or the period ends counts if it goes in.
• Own goals: a player who throws a free throw into their own goal concedes a goal.

The glossary has the goal scored entry, the goal and the free throw.

Requiring the whole ball to cross gives the referees and the video one question with one answer. The limits on shooting straight from a free throw protect the goalkeeper from a shot at point-blank range the moment a whistle goes.