What is the difference between J1 and J2 in judo?
B · Beginner · Before the fight · 2 of 3J1 athletes are blind and wear a 7 cm red circle on the judogi's back number. J2 athletes are visually impaired. The two do not fight each other unless there are too few for separate medal events. J1 athletes are escorted and given more time to start an action; referees may penalise anyone who disregards a blind athlete's protection.
How it works
- J1: blind; red circle on the back number.
- J2: visually impaired.
- Separate events: unless entries are too few.
- J1 escort: by the referee.
- J2: walks beside the referee.
- Extra time: J1 athletes start actions more slowly.
- Protection: penalties for not respecting it.
- Yellow circle: marks a hearing impairment.
The glossary has the J1, the J2, the special attention for J1 athletes, the yellow circle, the escort of J1 and J2 athletes and the IBSA Judo Rules.
Tricky cases
Can J1 and J2 fight each other?
Only if there are too few for two events and organisers agree.
Does a J2 athlete get escorted?
Only if they need it.
What do red and yellow circles together mean?
A blind athlete who is also hearing impaired.
How big is the red circle?
7 cm across.
Why the rule exists
A blind fighter feels the contest differently from one with some sight. Separate events and markings keep the fight fair and safe.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| J1 | Red circle, escort | 2, 5 |
| J2 | Walks alone | 6 |
| Few entries | May combine | 2 |
From the rule book
IBSA, IBSA Judo Rules (amendment to the IJF rules, 2025 to 2028, January 2025), sections 2, 5, 6, 22 and 24. Checked 14 October 2026. Official document: IBSA Judo Rules, January 2025.