What is obstruction in hockey?
I · Intermediate · What can players do with the stick and the ball? · 7 of 21Obstruction is stopping an opponent from playing the ball by putting your body or stick between them and the ball, backing into them or blocking their way. A player with the ball can move off in any direction, but not into an opponent or between the ball and an opponent who is close enough and trying to play it.
How it works
Players obstruct if they:
- back into an opponent;
- physically interfere with an opponent's stick or body;
- shield the ball from a legitimate tackle with their stick or any part of their body;
- run in front of or block an opponent who is trying to play the ball, without playing it themselves. This is third-party obstruction, also called shadow obstruction.
What is allowed:
- A stationary player receiving the ball can face any direction.
- A player with the ball can move off in any direction, unless that takes them into an opponent or between the ball and an opponent within playing distance who is trying to play it.
Tricky cases
Can a player receive the ball with their back to the opponent?
Yes, if they are standing still when they receive it. Once they move, they must not shield it from a tackle.
Is it obstruction if the opponent is far away?
No. Obstruction needs an opponent within playing distance who is trying to play the ball.
Can attackers block defenders at a penalty corner?
No. Running across or blocking defenders, including the goalkeeper, is third-party obstruction.
Can a player run behind the goal to get round a defender?
No. Players must not run behind either goal or intentionally enter the goal their opponents are defending.
Why the rule exists
It gives the defender a fair chance to tackle. Without it, a player could keep the ball forever by standing over it.
Where it differs
| Where | What changes | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FIH rules | As above; the 2026 rulebook asks umpires to penalise shielding with the stick more strictly | H9.12; H Introduction, Applying the Rules |
From the rule book
FIH Rules of Hockey, Rules 9.4, 9.12 and 9.14, and Umpiring 4.5, in force from 1 March 2026. Checked 13 October 2026. Official document: FIH Rules of Hockey (PDF).